Defining+the+Topic

Increasing use of Inquiry Based Learning has highlighted the need for students to become fluent in Information Literacies. This pedagogical model is based on the ‘constructivist’ theories of learning developed by educationalists such as Dewey and Vygotsky, whereby individuals actively construct knowledge and understanding in relation to a particular question or problem, through researching the topic, adding to their existing store of knowledge and then applying this deeper understanding to solving the problem or answering the question (Groundwater-Smith, 2004).

= Step 1: Defining the Topic = In order to successfully achieve a learning goal, it is important for the learner to have a clear understanding of exactly what is being asked. In the educational context, this is usually in the form of an assignment topic or question. Students therefore need to learn how to deconstruct an assignment task in order to determine the following:

· What, exactly, is the question asking? · What are the main concepts or ideas involved? · What kind of information is needed?

Broadly speaking, a task descriptor includes three categories of words: content words, directive words and limiting words. The content words provide students with the subject matter of an assessment task, while the directive words inform students what they are meant to do with the information they find. Some common directive words used in assessment tasks:

v Compare and contrast v Identify v Explain v Demonstrate v Investigate v Justify v Analyse v Argue v Discuss v Comment on

In order to search effectively for information, students need to have a searching strategy. One method of generating search parameters is through the use of a mindmap.

A mindmap provides a useful graphic representation of the concepts and ideas associated with the topic. Mindmaps generally use words or images, or a combination of both. Students can also include their existing knowledge within the mindmap. This then gives the students a clear picture of where the gaps in their knowledge and understanding lie, and therefore provide a starting point for the research. Using a mindmap can also help to provide search terms, by brainstorming synonyms for each of the terms or concepts generated by the mindmap.

//Sample mindmap created using bubbl.us//

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= Although mindmaps can be easily created using pen and paper, there are a wide variety of computer based mindmapping tools available which offer additional features, including collaborative versions that enable multiple users to create a single mindmap. =

= Free Mindmap software =

[] Web based concept map creating tool. Encrypted connection. Text based. Fast and easy to use, can be printed, saved and shared. [] Free. Can be used on individual computers or shared and used collectively on servers or the internet. [] Web based mindmapping tool. Designed for use in K-12 educational contexts. Can incorporate text, images, audio and hyperlinks.